Prevalence and Distribution of CBPP in Cattle at Chamwino DC, 2020 to 2023

Abstract

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is notifiable disease posing a substantial burden on livestock keepers, including those in the Chamwino District Council. This retrospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence and spatial distribution of CBPP in Chamwino District from 2020 to 2023 using secondary data from district archives. Disease surveillance reports from the 36 wards of Chamwino DC were analyzed, focusing on affected wards, CBPP cases, population at risk, and deaths. Out of 171,424 cattle, 2,874 CBPP clinical cases, and 98 deaths, resulting into a prevalence of 1.68%, a case fatality rate of 3.41%, and a crude mortality rate of 0.06% reported to Zonal Veterinary Center. Zajilwa ward reported the highest number of cases (379), followed by Manda (250), Itiso (242), and Haneti (211). These wards are predominantly inhabited by Sukuma, Maasai, and Gogo communities, who engage in pastoralism and agro pastoralism, managing large herds of cattle under extensive livestock management systems, presence of prominent large livestock markets and bordered with other districts. CBPP cases peaked during the dry (July-October) and rainy (November-January, April) seasons. The study identified livestock movement to markets and extensive herd management as key risk factors in CBPP spread. To effectively control CBPP in Chamwino District, it is crucial to enforce livestock movement regulations and implement vaccination programs targeting pastoral and agro pastoral communities, such measures are essential to reducing the prevalence of CBPP and safeguarding the livelihoods of livestock keepers in the district.